知识点总结
在句子中起宾语作用从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句要抓住三要素：引导词、语序和时态。
一.引导词
1．从句为陈述句，常选择引导词thatthat引导宾语从句无意义不充当句子成分常省略。例句：he told us （that） they would help us through the whole work.
2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether，表示“否”。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。例句：i don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
3. 从句为特殊疑问句常选择what,whenwhere,whichwhohow等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。 例句：he didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
二判断时态情况：
1.主句一般现在时，从句可以为各种时态。
2.主句一般过去时从句要用相应过去时态。
注意：从句描绘客观事实、真理自然现象等，从句时态不受主句时态限制，仍用一般现在时。
例句：he answered that he was listening to me.
father told me that practice makes perfect .
三、宾语从句语序要用陈述句语序
陈述句语序，就主语在前，谓语动词后。
错误: he is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
正确: he is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
注意：宾语从句的否定转移
主句谓语动词think,believe,imagine,supposeconsider,expect,fancy,guess等并且主句主语第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. 例如; i don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成i think he won’t come to my party.
常见考法
对于宾语从句考查，多以单选形式考查学生灵活运用。一般情况下常从引导词的选择时态一致性及从句陈述语序方面考查。
典型例题：please tell me ______ last year.
a.where does your sister work b where did your sister work
c .where your sister works d where your sister worked
解析：本题考查对宾语从句的掌握。宾语从句要用陈述语序，所以排除a和 b；last year 表示过去时 所以排除 c 。
答案：d
误区提醒
宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序 但要注意当疑问词为主语时句式为：疑问词+谓语+其他 ，问句和陈述句语序一样。
典型例题：i didn't know ?
a. what wrong was with her b.what was wrong with her
c .what wrong is with her d.what is wrong with her
解析：主句一般过去时，从句要用相应过去时态，所以排除c和d；what was wrong with her中，what作主语，所以问句本身又陈述句语序，不用变化。
答案： b
